"When the moon is full, mankind is one." Now it is again the time when Chinese people enjoy the Mid-Autumn Festival (Chinese Moon Festival), an important traditional festivity second only to the Spring Festival.
With a brief introduction of the festival, we People.com.cn here wish all our readers a happy Moon Festival!
Celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth month in Chinese lunar calendar, the Moon Festival usually comes sometime between the second week of September and the second week of October, and on September 28 this year.
Mid-Autumn day is a time when people celebrate the the harvest, enjoy the getting-together with families and friends and appreciate good food and the most beautiful moon.
| Origin of Mid-Autumn Festival |
Chinese ancestors took the seventh, eighth and ninth lunar months as autumn and 15th day of the eighth lunar month as the Moon Day which was considered the best day of the year to enjoy the beautiful, round and bright moon.
A harvest festival, Moon Day is a time for relaxation and celebration and most importantly, reunion of families. In the past, food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Special food for the festival included moon cakes and cooked taro, edible snails from the taro patches or rice paddies cooked with sweet basil, and water caltrope, a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people held ceremonies to greet winter and worshiped the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival set in. It became prevalent in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 A.D.) that people enjoyed and worshiped the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people sent round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion. At night they looked up at the full silver moon or went sightseeing to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration became unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appeared some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. What is worth mentioning is that the Yuetan Park in the western district of Beijing, was originally the Temple of Moon, and every year, the emperor would go there to offer a sacrifice to the moon.
In mid-autumn farmers had just finished gathering their crops and bringing in fruits from the orchards. They were overwhelmed with joy when they have a harvest and at the same time they felt quite relaxed after a year of hard work. So the 15th Day of the eighth lunar month has gradually evolved as a widely celebrated festival for ordinary people. When the night falls, the land is bathed in silver moonlight. Families set up tables in their courtyards or sit together on their balconies chatting and sharing offerings to the moon. Together they enjoy the spell of night.
| Legendaries Related to Moon Day |
Chang-E Flies to the Moon
There is a story dating back to around 2170 B.C. Ten suns took turns to illuminate to the earth. But one day all the suns appeared together. The scorching earth was saved by a strong and tyrannical archer Hou Yi. He succeeded in shooting down nine of the suns. Hou Yi gained the elixir of life from a goddess, which, however, was accidentally swallowed by his beautiful wife Chang E. Then she found herself floating and flew to the moon. Hou Yi loved his divinely beautiful wife so much that he didn't shoot down the moon. Depressed Hou Yi found the moon especially bright as if Chang E was up there, so he set alter in memory of his beloved wife with all kinds of her favorites.?
Wu Kang Chops Cassia Tree
Wu Kang was a shiftless fellow fascinated with the magic of immortality. One day he went to live in the mountains where he importuned an immortal to teach him. He was taught about herbs and chess and finally given books to study, but every time, he finished impatient and unlearned. At last, angry master banished him to the Moon Palace telling him that he must cut down a huge cassia tree before he could return to earth. Though Wu Kang chopped day and night, the magical tree restored itself with each blow, and thus he had to be up there chopping ever and ever.
If you look carefully at the dark shadows on the full moon, you may see Wu Kang chopping a cassia tree.
Jade Rabbit
In this legend, three fairy sages transformed themselves into pitiful old men and begged for something to eat from a fox, a monkey and a rabbit. The fox and the monkey both had food to give to the old men, but the rabbit, empty-handed, offered his own flesh instead, jumping into a blazing fire to cook himself. The sages were so touched by the rabbit's sacrifice that they let him live in the Moon Palace where he became the "Jade Rabbit."
Moon cake also has a story. During the Yuan dynasty (A.D.1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D.960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without it being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Contained in each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attacked and overthrew the government. What followed was the establishment of the Ming dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644). Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend.
The round moon cakes, traditionally about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds, lotus seeds, almonds, minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard. A golden yolk from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. 13 moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year", that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary moon.
A moon view is a must in the Mid-Autumn Festival when the moon is especially round and bright. If the weather remains fine, people will be able to see a full moon on September 28, astronomers say. A full moon usually falls on the 16th day of a lunar month, instead of the 15th day. But this year, the full moon arrives earlier and people can see it at 21:09 (Beijing Time). The moon will appear at its fullest when it is most closely aligned with the earth and the sun. It takes about 29.5 days for the three celestial bodies to be approximately aligned. The next time for such a fullest moon will be September 19, 2013.
Again, it is the Mid-Autumn Festival, a time for reunions with families and fiends. Today when people get together and enjoy the moon and the cakes, the staff of the People's Daily Online sincerely wish a joyful Mid-Autumn Festival for our Chinese compatriots all over the world and send our gratutude for you all!
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