Italian cabinet Thursday approved the decree to crackdown on human traffickers and people smugglers.
The decree raises jail terms from five to 15 years and abolishes automatic summary trials, giving police more time to collect evidence and meaning a greater chance of securing a conviction.
Traffickers who exploit their victims for long-term gain, such as tricking them into prostitution, face even tougher penalties.
After the cabinet meeting, Italian Justice Minister Clemente Mastella underlined that the measure was aimed at protecting migrants and trafficking victims.
"This is criminal activity that damages poor people, who suffer anguish and real harm," he said.
"Traffickers are not targeted under current criminal measures. The fight needs to be carried out in a much tougher and more determined manner."
The decree has been designed primarily to target individuals who smuggle migrants across the Mediterranean in old and rickety boats, the report said.
Hundreds of migrants are thought to die each year during the crossing.
Italy is a popular destination for migrants seeking a gateway into Europe, and thousands set out from north African ports each year, heading for its southern shores.
Source: Xinhua