China on Friday issued its first regulation on human organ transplants, banning organizations and individuals from trading human organs in any form.

Any doctor found to be involved in human organ trade will have their practitioner licence revoked. Clinics will be suspended from doing organ transplant operations for at least three years. Fines are set at between eight to ten times the value of the outlawed trade, the new rules said.

Officials convicted of trading in human organs will be sacked and kicked out of government.

The regulation, issued by the State Council, or China's cabinet, will go into effect on May 1.

China faces a huge gap between the demand for functional organs and supply with donations very limited. About 1.5 million patients need organ transplants each year, but only 10,000 can find organs, according to statistics from the Ministry of Health.

Most organs are donated by ordinary Chinese at death after the voluntary signing of a donation agreement.

The regulation stipulates that human organ transplants should respect the principle of voluntary and free donation and makes it a crime to harvest organs without the owner's permission or against his will.

People taking organs from anyone under the age of 18 will also face prosecution.

Human organ transplants are defined as the process of taking a human organ or part of a human organ -- such as the heart, lung, liver, kidney and pancreas -- from a donor and transplanting it into a patient's body to replace their sick or damaged organ.

The regulation does not apply to transplants of human tissue, such as cells, cornea and marrow.

The regulation comprises 32 articles in five chapters, including human organ donations, human organ transplants, legal responsibilities and supplementary points. It covers transplant quality and aims to safeguard citizen's lawful rights.

It decrees strict supervision and control for the few medical institutions that are allowed to perform organ transplants, and sets rules to standardize procedures so as to prevent potential human rights abuses.

According to the new rules, every transplant must be approved by an ethics committee set up in the the medical institution. A designated mechanism will ensure that medical institutions are competent. Unqualified institutions will be ordered to exit the market.

Source: Xinhua