NOTES


In July 1979 the CPC Central Committee and the State Council agreed that special export zones should be set up on a trial basis in Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou (Guangdong Province) and in Xiamen (Fujian Province). In May 1980 they decided to rename these export zones special economic zones. In August of the same year, at its 15th session, the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress approved the "Regulations for the Special Economic Zones in Guangdong Province", and construction began. The four zones have special economic policies and management systems and enjoy considerable autonomy in managing their economies. They rely mainly on foreign funds for construction and allow different forms of ownership of enterprises, dominated by socialist public ownership. Their economic activity is regulated chiefly by the market under the overall guidance and control of the state. Preferential treatment is given to foreign investors. Until 1985 the special economic zones concentrated on building infrastructure to create a good environment for investment. Since 1986, however, they have focused on developing an export-oriented economy which is dominated by industry, which combines foreign trade with increased industrial production and in which farming, animal husbandry, fishery and tourism play equally important roles. In April 1988 the First Session of the Seventh National People's Congress adopted a resolution approving Hainan Island as a fifth special economic zone, which was to practise more flexible and open economic policies than the others. In the drive for socialist modernization the five special economic zones are a medium for opening to the outside world and an experiment in the reform of China's economic structure.