Improving child protection hit the headlines in China after media stories about children left in danger or hazardous situations because their birth parents failed to take care of them.
In Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu province, two girls were found starved to death on June 21 after being locked and abandoned in an apartment by their mother, a suspected drug addict.
The story of a mentally ill mother living on the streets with two severely malnourished children also spread online in late June.
A netizen published images of a woman sitting outside a public toilet with two children in Zhengzhou, capital of Henan province, and called for help online on May 28. Police sent the mother to a mental health clinic for treatment, and the children were sent to a maternal grandmother in a village in Pingdingshan two days later.
Zheng Junhua, the children's aunt, told China Daily the youngest girl, aged 6 months, weighed just 2.7 kg. Authorities have pledged to have a plan for the family once the mother is discharged from hospital, she said on Monday.
Before establishing a national child welfare system, the four experimental zones were selected because their governments showed enthusiasm and had preliminary experience, said Zou Mingming, deputy director of the Ministry of Civil Affairs' child welfare division.
The Luoning model is seen as the most mature. Du Liming, deputy director of the county's civil affairs, said his bureau provides financial support for disadvantaged children, although the subsidy varies according to the situation.
For example, a monthly subsidy of 1,000 yuan is given for institutionalized orphans, 600 yuan for parentless children with foster families and children infected with HIV/AIDS, 150 yuan for children from rural impoverished families, and 243 yuan for those in urban areas.
To date, 1,100 of 5,800 children in plight receive monthly subsidies from the county, Du said.
All 388 villages in Luoning have a child welfare officer, who makes regular home visits and conducts reviews on the living subsidies for children twice a month, to ensure the money is being spent on the children.
Information collected by these officers is recorded and reported to 18 child welfare centers across the county, which will be reviewed by a government working team headed by the county Party chief every quarter.
Meanwhile, more than 40 children have been sent to care homes because their parents had difficulties fulfilling their responsibilities. Reasons included being in prison and mental illness, Du said.
"The work Luoning has done to improve vulnerable children's welfare is significant, especially the monitoring network, which works well in finding children in plight and enabling families to receive resources and policies," said Shang Xiaoyuan, a specialist in child welfare at Beijing Normal University.
"We're happy to hear that the central government plans to invest more money, because poor counties such as Luoning cannot afford to provide sufficient medical aid for children with major diseases and the living subsidies that the local government offers are also far from children's needs," said Shang, who this month finished a field study in Luoning.
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